How to Use TPA3116 stereo amp 2x 50W: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The TPA3116 is a Class D audio amplifier capable of delivering up to 50W per channel in stereo mode. It is designed for high efficiency, low heat generation, and excellent audio performance. This amplifier is widely used in audio systems, home theaters, portable speakers, and other applications requiring high-quality sound output with minimal power loss.

• Home audio systems and soundbars
• DIY stereo speaker projects
• Portable Bluetooth speakers
• Car audio systems
• Multimedia speaker systems

• Amplifier Type: Class D
• Output Power: 50W per channel (stereo mode)
• Operating Voltage Range: 4.5V to 26V DC
• Efficiency: Up to 90%
• Input Impedance: 30 kΩ
• Output Load: 4Ω to 8Ω speakers
• Frequency Response: 20Hz to 20kHz
• Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR): >100 dB
• Total Harmonic Distortion (THD): <0.1% at 1kHz, 50W
• Thermal Protection: Built-in over-temperature and short-circuit protection

The TPA3116 is typically used in pre-assembled amplifier boards. Below is a general description of the key pins and terminals found on such boards:

Note: The exact pinout may vary depending on the specific TPA3116 amplifier board. Always refer to the datasheet or documentation provided with your board.

1. Power Supply: Connect a DC power supply to the +VCC and GND terminals. Ensure the voltage is within the 4.5V to 26V range and matches the power requirements of your speakers.
2. Audio Input: Connect the left and right audio signals to the L_IN and R_IN pins, respectively. Use a preamplifier or audio source with appropriate signal levels.
3. Speaker Connection: Attach the left and right speakers to the L_OUT+, L_OUT-, R_OUT+, and R_OUT- terminals. Ensure the speakers have an impedance of 4Ω to 8Ω.
4. Gain Adjustment: If your board has a gain control pin or potentiometer, adjust it to set the desired amplification level.
5. Enable Amplifier: Ensure the SD pin is pulled high (or left unconnected) to enable the amplifier. Pulling it low will disable the output.

• Heat Dissipation: Although the TPA3116 is highly efficient, it may still generate heat at high power levels. Use a heatsink or active cooling if necessary.
• Power Supply Selection: Use a stable and adequately rated power supply to avoid noise or distortion.
• Speaker Protection: Ensure proper wiring to prevent short circuits or damage to the speakers.
• Input Signal Levels: Avoid overdriving the input signal to prevent distortion or damage to the amplifier.

The TPA3116 can be used with an Arduino UNO to control audio playback. Below is an example of how to use the Arduino to enable or disable the amplifier via the SD pin.

// Define the shutdown pin connected to the TPA3116 SD pin
const int shutdownPin = 7;

void setup() {
  // Set the shutdown pin as an output
  pinMode(shutdownPin, OUTPUT);

  // Enable the amplifier by setting the SD pin HIGH
  digitalWrite(shutdownPin, HIGH);
}

void loop() {
  // Example: Toggle the amplifier on and off every 5 seconds
  digitalWrite(shutdownPin, HIGH); // Enable amplifier
  delay(5000);                     // Wait for 5 seconds
  digitalWrite(shutdownPin, LOW);  // Disable amplifier
  delay(5000);                     // Wait for 5 seconds
}

Note: Ensure the Arduino's ground (GND) is connected to the amplifier's ground for proper operation.

1. No Sound Output

   • Cause: Incorrect wiring or insufficient power supply.
   • Solution: Double-check all connections and ensure the power supply meets the voltage and current requirements.

2. Distorted Audio

   • Cause: Overdriven input signal or mismatched speaker impedance.
   • Solution: Reduce the input signal level and verify the speaker impedance is within the 4Ω to 8Ω range.

3. Amplifier Overheating

   • Cause: High power output without adequate cooling.
   • Solution: Add a heatsink or active cooling to the amplifier.

4. Amplifier Not Powering On

   • Cause: SD pin is pulled low or power supply issue.
   • Solution: Ensure the SD pin is pulled high and verify the power supply connections.

• Can I use the TPA3116 with a 12V power supply? Yes, a 12V power supply is suitable for most applications, but ensure it provides enough current for your speakers.

• What is the maximum speaker impedance supported? The TPA3116 supports speakers with an impedance of 4Ω to 8Ω.

• Can I bridge the outputs for higher power? No, the TPA3116 is designed for stereo operation and does not support bridging.

• Is the TPA3116 suitable for battery-powered applications? Yes, its high efficiency makes it ideal for battery-powered systems, provided the battery voltage is within the operating range.

By following this documentation, you can effectively integrate the TPA3116 stereo amplifier into your audio projects and achieve high-quality sound output.