How to Use TP4056: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The TP4056, manufactured by Makers (Part ID: TP4036), is a lithium-ion battery charger IC designed for single-cell lithium-ion batteries. It provides a constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging profile, ensuring safe and efficient charging. The TP4056 is widely used in portable electronics, DIY projects, and battery-powered devices due to its simplicity, reliability, and built-in safety features.

• Charging single-cell lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries
• Power banks and portable chargers
• DIY electronics projects
• Battery-powered IoT devices
• Wearable electronics

The TP4056 is a versatile and compact IC with the following key specifications:

The TP4056 comes in an 8-pin SOP package. Below is the pinout and description:

1. Power Supply: Connect a DC power source (e.g., USB 5V) to the VCC pin. Ensure the input voltage is within the range of 4.0V to 8.0V.
2. Battery Connection: Connect the positive terminal of the lithium-ion battery to the BAT pin and the negative terminal to GND.
3. Set Charging Current: Use a resistor (RPROG) between the PROG pin and GND to set the charging current. The charging current can be calculated using the formula: [ I_{CHG} = \frac{1200}{R_{PROG}} ] For example, a 1.2kΩ resistor sets the charging current to 1A.
4. Status Indicators: Connect LEDs to the CHRG and STDBY pins for visual charging status. Use appropriate current-limiting resistors for the LEDs.
5. Temperature Monitoring: Optionally, connect an NTC thermistor to the TEMP pin for battery temperature monitoring. If unused, connect TEMP to GND.

• Ensure the input voltage does not exceed 8.0V to avoid damaging the IC.
• Use a properly rated resistor for RPROG to set the desired charging current.
• The TP4056 does not include reverse polarity protection. Ensure correct battery polarity during connection.
• Place a 1µF capacitor between VCC and GND for input voltage stability.
• Place a 10µF capacitor between BAT and GND for output stability.

The TP4056 can be used with an Arduino UNO to monitor battery charging status. Below is an example code snippet:

// TP4056 Status Monitoring with Arduino UNO
// Connect CHRG pin to Arduino pin 2 and STDBY pin to Arduino pin 3

const int chrgPin = 2;  // CHRG pin of TP4056 connected to Arduino pin 2
const int stdbyPin = 3; // STDBY pin of TP4056 connected to Arduino pin 3

void setup() {
  pinMode(chrgPin, INPUT);  // Set CHRG pin as input
  pinMode(stdbyPin, INPUT); // Set STDBY pin as input
  Serial.begin(9600);       // Initialize serial communication
}

void loop() {
  int chrgStatus = digitalRead(chrgPin);  // Read CHRG pin status
  int stdbyStatus = digitalRead(stdbyPin); // Read STDBY pin status

  if (chrgStatus == LOW) {
    Serial.println("Battery is charging...");
  } else if (stdbyStatus == LOW) {
    Serial.println("Charging complete.");
  } else {
    Serial.println("No battery connected or idle state.");
  }

  delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second before checking again
}

1. No Charging Current

   • Cause: Incorrect RPROG resistor value or damaged IC.
   • Solution: Verify the RPROG resistor value and ensure it matches the desired charging current. Check for proper connections and replace the IC if necessary.

2. Overheating

   • Cause: Excessive input voltage or insufficient heat dissipation.
   • Solution: Ensure the input voltage is within the 4.0V to 8.0V range. Use a heatsink or improve ventilation around the IC.

3. LEDs Not Working

   • Cause: Incorrect LED connections or missing current-limiting resistors.
   • Solution: Verify the LED connections and ensure appropriate resistors are used.

4. Battery Not Charging

   • Cause: Reverse polarity or damaged battery.
   • Solution: Check the battery polarity and replace the battery if necessary.

1. Can the TP4056 charge multiple batteries in series?

   • No, the TP4056 is designed for single-cell lithium-ion batteries only.

2. What happens if the input voltage exceeds 8.0V?

   • The IC may be permanently damaged. Always ensure the input voltage is within the specified range.

3. Can I use the TP4056 without the TEMP pin?

   • Yes, if temperature monitoring is not required, connect the TEMP pin to GND.

4. How do I adjust the charging current?

   • Use the formula ( I_{CHG} = \frac{1200}{R_{PROG}} ) to calculate the required RPROG resistor value.

By following this documentation, users can safely and effectively integrate the TP4056 into their projects.