How to Use Servomotor SG90: Examples, Pinouts, and Specs

The SG90 is a compact and lightweight servomotor widely used in the field of robotics and remote-controlled (RC) applications. Its popularity stems from its affordability and its ability to provide precise control of angular position. The SG90 is particularly well-suited for projects that require a simple and efficient method to control motion, such as small robotic arms, RC airplanes, and hobbyist projects.

• Robotic arms and grippers
• RC airplanes, helicopters, and cars
• Camera pan/tilt systems
• Positioning of sensors or antennas
• Educational projects and prototyping

• Voltage: 4.8V to 6.0V
• Current: 750mA (no load at 4.8V)
• Stall Torque: 1.5 kg-cm at 4.8V, 1.8 kg-cm at 6V
• Operating Speed: 0.12 sec/60° at 4.8V, 0.10 sec/60° at 6V
• Temperature Range: -30°C to +60°C
• Weight: 9g
• Dimensions: 22.2 x 11.8 x 31 mm (LxWxH)

1. Power Supply: Connect the red wire to a power supply that is within the servomotor's voltage range (4.8V to 6.0V).
2. Ground: Connect the brown wire to the ground of your power supply and microcontroller.
3. Control Signal: Connect the orange wire to a PWM-capable pin on your microcontroller.

• Ensure that the power supply can handle the current requirements of the servomotor, especially under load.
• Avoid stalling the servomotor for extended periods, as this can lead to overheating and damage.
• Use a decoupling capacitor (e.g., 100µF) between VCC and GND near the motor to stabilize the power supply.
• When controlling multiple servomotors, consider using an external power supply to prevent overloading the microcontroller's voltage regulator.

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo;  // create servo object to control the SG90

void setup() {
  myservo.attach(9); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object
}

void loop() {
  myservo.write(90);  // sets the servo to mid-position (90 degrees)
  delay(1000);        // waits for a second
  myservo.write(0);   // moves the servo to position 0 degrees
  delay(1000);        // waits for a second
  myservo.write(180); // moves the servo to position 180 degrees
  delay(1000);        // waits for a second
}

• Servomotor does not move: Check the power supply and connections. Ensure the control signal is correctly connected to a PWM pin.
• Erratic movement or jitter: This can be caused by an inadequate power supply or electrical noise. Use a decoupling capacitor and ensure the power supply is stable.
• Overheating: If the servomotor is stalling or under a heavy load, it may overheat. Reduce the load or duty cycle to allow it to cool.

• Always verify the wiring and connections before powering up the system.
• Test the servomotor with a simple sweep code to ensure it operates smoothly across its range.
• If using multiple servomotors, distribute the power load and consider using a separate power supply.

Q: Can I control the SG90 servomotor with a Raspberry Pi? A: Yes, the SG90 can be controlled with a Raspberry Pi, but you will need to generate PWM signals, which can be done using the GPIO pins and appropriate software libraries.

Q: How precise is the SG90 servomotor? A: The SG90 typically has a resolution of around 5 degrees, but this can vary slightly depending on the specific model and operating conditions.

Q: What is the lifespan of the SG90 servomotor? A: The lifespan depends on the usage conditions, such as load, frequency of operation, and environmental factors. Under normal conditions, the SG90 can last for several years of intermittent use.